橡膠支座
Rubber bearing
支座是指用以支承容器或設備的重量，并使其固定于一定位置的支承部件，還要承受操作時的振動與地震載荷。橡膠支座是橡膠和薄鋼板緊密結合而成，用于支撐橋梁重量。
A bearing is a support component that is used to support the weight of a container or equipment and is fixed to a certain position. It also bears the vibration and seismic load of the operation. Rubber bearing is a tight combination of rubber and thin steel plate to support the weight of the bridge.
板式支座
Plate bearing
類型劃分
Type division
板式橡膠支座由多層天然橡膠與至少兩層以上相同厚度的薄鋼板鑲嵌、粘合、硫化而成一種橋梁支座產品。
The plate rubber bearing is a bridge bearing product, which is inlaid, glued and vulcanized by multi-layer natural rubber and thin steel plate with the same thickness at least two layers.
該種類型的橡膠支座有足夠的豎向剛度以承受垂直荷載，且能將上部構造的壓力可靠地傳遞給墩臺；有良好的彈性以適應梁端地轉動；有較大地剪切變形以滿足上部構造的水平位移；
Rubber bearings of this type have enough vertical stiffness to bear vertical load, and the upper structure of the pressure can be reliably transferred to the pier; have good flexibility to adapt to Duandi beam rotation; a greater shear deformation to meet the horizontal displacement of superstructure;
板式支座按形狀劃分：矩形、圓形兩種產品。
Plate bearing is divided according to shape: two kinds of products, rectangular and round.
按是否能夠提供水平位移劃分為：聚四氟乙烯滑板支座和普通橡膠支座。
The horizontal displacement can be divided into: polytetrafluoroethylene slider bearing and common rubber bearing.
矩形（圓形）式板
Rectangular (circular) plate
（1）性能：本產品由多層橡膠片與薄鋼板鑲嵌、粘合在一定壓力、一定溫度和一定時間內硫化壓制而成。有足夠的豎向剛度以承壓垂直荷載，能將梁板上部構造的反力可靠地傳遞給墩臺，有良好的彈性，以適應梁端的轉動；又有較大的剪切變形以滿足上部梁體構造的水平位移。
(1) performance: This product is made of multilayer rubber sheet and thin steel plate inlaid and glued to a certain pressure, certain temperature and a certain time. There are enough vertical stiffness to bearing vertical load, the upper structure of the beam plate can be reliably transferred to the pier force, good flexibility, in order to adapt to the rotation of the beam end; and to meet the horizontal displacement of upper beam structure of large shear deformation.
（2）特點：本產品在橋梁建筑、水電工程、房屋抗震設施上已廣泛應用，與原用的鋼支座相比，有構造 簡單，安裝方便；節約鋼材，價格低廉；養護簡便，易于更換等優點，且本品建筑高度低，對橋梁設計與降低造價有益；有良好的隔震作用，可減少活載與地震力對建筑物的沖擊作用。
(2) features: This product has been widely used in bridge construction, hydropower projects, housing seismic facilities, compared with the original steel bearing, has simple structure, convenient installation; steel saving, low price; easy maintenance, easy replacement and other advantages, and the low building height, and reduce the cost of bridge design have good beneficial; isolation, live load and seismic force can reduce the impact on the building effect.
聚四氟乙烯滑板式
Polytetrafluoroethylene skate
簡稱四氟滑板式橋梁支座，本產品是于普通板式橡膠支座上粘接一層厚2-3mm的聚四氟乙烯板而成。除具有普通板式橡膠支座的豎向剛度與彈性變形，能承受垂直荷載及適應梁端轉動外，因四氟乙烯與梁底不銹鋼板間的低摩擦系數（μ≤0.03）可使橋梁上部構造的水平位移不受限制，跨度>30米的大跨度橋梁、簡支梁連續板橋和多跨連續梁橋可作活動支座使用；連續梁頂推、T型梁橫移和大型設備滑移可作滑塊使用。
For short, the Teflon slide plate type bridge support, this product is made of a thick 2-3mm polytetrafluoroethylene plate on the ordinary plate rubber bearing. In addition to the vertical with normal rubber bearing stiffness and elastic deformation under vertical load and can adapt to the rotation of the outer end of the beam, because of low coefficient of friction between the steel plate and beam bottom tetrafluoroethylene (U = 0.03) the horizontal displacement of the upper structure of the bridge is not restricted, span >30 meters long span bridge, continuous beam bridge and multi span continuous beam bridge can be used as a movable support; continuous beam pushing and shifting of T beam and large equipment can use the slider slip.
材料分類：
Material classification:
a：氯丁橡膠: 適用溫度+60℃∽-25℃
A: Neoprene: suitable temperature +60 to -25 degrees
b：天然橡膠: 適用溫度+60℃∽-40℃
B: natural rubber: suitable temperature +60 to -40 degrees
使用方法
Usage method
1)選用
1) selection
a：查看板式橡膠支座的安裝施工圖紙，主要注意板式橡膠支座的規格型號、厚度、設計承載力等主要技術參數。四氟滑板橡膠支座還要注意預埋鋼板的尺寸和安裝位置及方向；
A: check the installation drawings of the plate rubber bearing, and pay attention to the main technical parameters, such as the size, thickness and design bearing capacity of the plate rubber bearing. The size and location and direction of the pre buried steel plate should be paid attention to in the rubber bearing of the Teflon.
b：選用板式橡膠支座時,支座的最大承載力應與橋梁支點反力相吻合,其容許偏差范圍宜為±10%；
B: when the plate rubber bearing is selected, the maximum bearing capacity of the support should be consistent with the counterforce of the bridge pivot, and the allowable deviation range is 10%.
c： 對于彎、坡、斜、寬橋梁，宜選用圓形板式橡膠支座。公路橋梁工程不宜使用帶球冠或坡形的橡膠支座；
C: circular plate rubber bearing should be used for curved, sloping, oblique and wide bridges. The highway bridge engineering is the use of rubber bearings with spherical or slope shape;
d：當橋梁縱坡坡度不大于1%時，板式橡膠支座可直接設置于墩臺上，但應考慮縱坡影響所需要的厚度。當縱坡坡度大于1%時，應采用預埋鋼板（加楔形鋼板）、混凝土墊塊（帶坡度的墊石）或其他措施將梁底調平，保證支座平置。板式橡膠支座應按JTG D62的有關規定驗算并在驗算滿足規定要求后方可使用。
D: when the bridge longitudinal slope is not greater than 1%, the laminated rubber bearing can be directly arranged on the pier, but should consider the influence of the required thickness of longitudinal slope. When the longitudinal gradient is greater than 1%, we should use pre embedded steel plate (plus wedge steel plate), concrete cushion block (with a slope pad stone) or other measures to adjust the bottom of the beam to ensure the support's flat. The plate rubber bearing shall be checked in accordance with the relevant regulations of JTG D62 and can be used after the checking calculation satisfies the requirements.
e：GJZF4、GYZF4型四氟滑板橡膠支座應水平安裝。并應設置上下鋼板，四氟滑板與不銹鋼板間應該涂放5201-2硅脂潤滑油，安裝后一定要設置防塵罩；支座的四氟滑板不得設置在支座底面，與四氟滑板接觸的不銹鋼板也不能直接設置在橋梁墩、臺墊石上。
E:GJZF4 and GYZF4 type tetrafluoroskateboard rubber bearing should be installed horizontally. And should be set on the steel plate, stainless steel plate and PTFE slide should apply 5201-2 grease lubricating oil, after installation must be set dustproof; PTFE sliding bearings should be set up in the bottom surface of the supporting seat, stainless steel plate in contact with PTFE skateboarding also cannot be provided directly to the bridge pier and abutment pad stone.
2）安裝
2) installation
a：安裝準備
A: Installation Preparation
a.1 板式橡膠支座安裝處宜設置支承墊石,支承墊石平面尺寸大小應按局部承壓計算確定,墊石長度、寬度應比支座相應的尺寸至少增加50mm左右，其高度應為100mm以上，且應考慮便于支座的更換。
A.1 rubber bearing installation should set the bearing pad stone, bearing pad stone plane size should be according to the local pressure calculation, cushion stone length and width should be higher than the corresponding support size increase of at least about 50mm, its height should be more than 100mm, and should be considered for the replacement of bearings.
a.2 支座墊石內應布置鋼筋網，鋼筋直徑為8mm時，間距宜為50mm×50mm，橋梁墩、臺內應有豎向鋼筋延伸至支座墊石內，支座墊石的混凝土強度等級不應低于C50。
The reinforcement net should be arranged in the A.2 bearing cushion stone. When the diameter of the steel bar is 8mm, the spacing should be 50mm * 50mm, and the vertical reinforcement of the bridge pier and the platform should extend to the support cushion stone. The concrete strength grade of the bearing pad stone should not be lower than C50.
a.3 支座墊石表面應平整、清潔、干爽、無浮沙。支座墊石頂面標高要求準確無誤。在平坡情況下，同一片梁兩端支承墊石及同一橋墩、臺上支承墊石應處于同一設計標高
A.3 bearing pad stone surface should be smooth, clean, dry, no sand. The top surface elevation of the bearing cushion is accurate. Under the condition of flat slope, the cushion stone supported on both ends of the same beam and the same bridge pier and the supporting cushion on the platform should be in the same design elevation
