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透明聚碳酸酯PC加玻纖塑料件加工注意問題
透明塑膠PC+gf產品由于透光率要高,所以PC+gf塑料制品表面質量的要求必須嚴格,不能有任何斑紋、氣孔、泛白、霧暈、黑點、變色、光澤不佳等缺陷,因而在整個注塑過程對原料、設備、模具、甚至產品的設計,都要十分注意和提出嚴格甚至特殊的要求。
另外,由于透明PC+gf塑料多為熔點高、流動性差,因此為保證產品的表面質量,往往需要較高的溫度,注射壓力、注射速度等工藝參數也要作細微調整,使注塑料時既能充滿模,又不會產生內應力而引起產品變形和開裂。
因此從原料準備,對設備和模具要求、注塑工藝和產品的原料處理幾方面都要進行嚴格的操作。
1.原料的準備與干燥
由于在PC+gf塑料中含有任何一點雜質,都可能影響產品的透明度,所以在儲存、運輸、加料過程中都必須注意密封,保證原料的干凈。
特別是原料中含有水分,加熱后會引起原料的變質,所以一定要做干燥處理。在注塑的時候,加料必須使用干燥的料斗。還要注意一點的是干燥的過程中,輸入的空氣最好應經過濾、除濕,以便保證不會污染原料。
2.機筒、螺桿及其附件的清潔
為防止PC+gf原料污染和在螺桿及附件凹陷處存有舊料或雜質,特別在熱穩定性差的樹脂存在,因此在使用前、停機后都應用螺桿清洗劑清洗干凈各件,使其不得粘有雜質,當沒有螺桿清洗劑時,可用PE、PS等樹脂清洗螺桿。
當臨時停機時,為防止原料在高溫下停留的時間過長,引起解降,應將干燥機和機筒溫度降低,如PC+gf、PMMA等機筒溫度都要降至160℃以下(料斗溫度對于PC應降至100℃以下)。
3.在模具設計上應注意的問題
為了防止出現原料回流動不暢,或冷卻不均造成塑料成型不良,產生表面的缺陷和變質,一般在模具設計時候,應該注意以下幾點:
壁厚應盡量均勻一致,脫模斜度要有足夠大;
過渡部分應圓滑,并逐步過渡,防止有尖角、銳邊產生,特別是PC+gf產品一定不要有缺口;
澆口、流道盡可能寬大、粗短,且應根據收縮冷凝過程設置澆口位置,必要時應加冷料井;
模具的表面應光潔,粗糙度低(最好低于0.8);
排氣孔。槽必須要足夠,以及時排出空氣和熔體中的氣體;
除PET外,壁厚不要太薄,一般不得小于lmm。
4.注塑工藝方面應該注意的問題
為了減少內應力和表面質量缺陷,在注塑工藝方面應注意以下幾方面的問題:
注射壓力:一般較高,以克服熔料粘度大的缺陷,但壓力太高會產生內應力造成脫模因難和變形;
注射速度:在滿足充模的情況下,一般宜低,最好能采用慢一快一慢多級注射;
保壓時間和成型周期:在滿足產品的充模,不產生凹陷、氣泡的情況下;宜盡量短,以盡量減低熔料在機筒停留的時間;
螺桿轉速和背壓:在滿足塑化質量的前提下,應該盡量低,為防止產生解降的可能;
模具溫度:制品的冷卻好壞,對質量影響極大,所以模溫一定要能精確控制其過程,有可能的話,模溫宜高一些好。
5.其他方面的問題
由于為了要防上表面質量惡化,一般注塑的時候應盡量少用脫模劑;當用回用料時不得大于20%。
對于除PET外,制品都應進行后處理,以消除內應力,PMMA應在70-80t熱風循環干燥4小時;PC應在清潔空氣、甘油、液體石臘等加熱110-135℃,時間按產品而定,最高需要10多小時。而PET必須經過雙向拉伸的工序,才能得到良好機械性能。
部分型號部分物性表
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /P2M/ ABS
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 18 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 22 VEKA softening point: 97 C thermal deformation temperature: 93 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS E211/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 22 VEKA softening point: 108 C thermal deformation temperature: 101 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H603/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 7 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 28 VEKA softening point: 100 C thermal deformation temperature: 98 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H605/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 25 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 17 VEKA softening point: 101 C thermal deformation temperature: 96 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H702/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 16 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 16 VEKA softening point: 104 C thermal deformation temperature: 99 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H802/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 8 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 15 VEKA softening point: 108 C thermal deformation temperature: 101 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H801/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 9 g/10min density: 1.07 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 30 VEKA softening point: 106 C thermal deformation temperature: 99 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS M203/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 31 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 16 VEKA softening point: 97 C thermal deformation temperature: 94 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS M201/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 18 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 19 VEKA softening point: 97 C thermal deformation temperature: 96 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS E401/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 30 VEKA softening point: 99 C thermal deformation temperature: 94 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H604/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 8 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 21 VEKA softening point: 101 C thermal deformation temperature: 98 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H701/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 9 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 26 VEKA softening point: 104 C thermal deformation temperature: 100 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H803/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 22 VEKA softening point: 108 C thermal deformation temperature: 101 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS M405/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 9 g/10min density: 1.02 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 29 VEKA softening point: 95 C thermal deformation temperature: 94 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS M501/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 8 g/10min density: 1.03 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 36 VEKA softening point: 95 C thermal deformation temperature: 95 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /5300/ ABS
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min density: 1.07 g/cm3, molding shrinkage: 0.65% notched impact strength: 32 elongation at break: 15% flexural strength: 77 MPa, bending modulus: 2300 MPa hardness: 100 VEKA softening point: 106 DEG heat deformation temperature: 99 degrees C
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /556/ ABS
Use: other
Characteristic notes: low gloss and impact resistance
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min density: 1.06 g/cm3, notched impact strength: 107 tensile strength: 19.3 MPa flexural strength: 31 MPa bending modulus: 1450 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 80 degrees.
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /DP ABS H950/
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 4.5 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3 notch impact strength: 16 VEKA softening point: 113 C thermal deformation temperature: 103 centigrade
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /101/ Yuyao Yi Wei
Use: other
Feature notes: the high toughness ABS produced by our company has maintained the high rigidity, low shrinkage and good surface brightness of ABS raw materials. Meanwhile, a new ABS toughening agent has been adopted, which greatly improves the impact strength and makes ABS good.