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透明聚碳酸酯PC加玻纖塑料件加工注意問題
透明塑膠PC+gf產(chǎn)品由于透光率要高,所以PC+gf塑料制品表面質(zhì)量的要求必須嚴(yán)格,不能有任何斑紋、氣孔、泛白、霧暈、黑點(diǎn)、變色、光澤不佳等缺陷,因而在整個(gè)注塑過程對(duì)原料、設(shè)備、模具、甚至產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì),都要十分注意和提出嚴(yán)格甚至特殊的要求。
另外,由于透明PC+gf塑料多為熔點(diǎn)高、流動(dòng)性差,因此為保證產(chǎn)品的表面質(zhì)量,往往需要較高的溫度,注射壓力、注射速度等工藝參數(shù)也要作細(xì)微調(diào)整,使注塑料時(shí)既能充滿模,又不會(huì)產(chǎn)生內(nèi)應(yīng)力而引起產(chǎn)品變形和開裂。
因此從原料準(zhǔn)備,對(duì)設(shè)備和模具要求、注塑工藝和產(chǎn)品的原料處理幾方面都要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的操作。
1.原料的準(zhǔn)備與干燥
由于在PC+gf塑料中含有任何一點(diǎn)雜質(zhì),都可能影響產(chǎn)品的透明度,所以在儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸、加料過程中都必須注意密封,保證原料的干凈。
特別是原料中含有水分,加熱后會(huì)引起原料的變質(zhì),所以一定要做干燥處理。在注塑的時(shí)候,加料必須使用干燥的料斗。還要注意一點(diǎn)的是干燥的過程中,輸入的空氣最好應(yīng)經(jīng)過濾、除濕,以便保證不會(huì)污染原料。
2.機(jī)筒、螺桿及其附件的清潔
為防止PC+gf原料污染和在螺桿及附件凹陷處存有舊料或雜質(zhì),特別在熱穩(wěn)定性差的樹脂存在,因此在使用前、停機(jī)后都應(yīng)用螺桿清洗劑清洗干凈各件,使其不得粘有雜質(zhì),當(dāng)沒有螺桿清洗劑時(shí),可用PE、PS等樹脂清洗螺桿。
當(dāng)臨時(shí)停機(jī)時(shí),為防止原料在高溫下停留的時(shí)間過長(zhǎng),引起解降,應(yīng)將干燥機(jī)和機(jī)筒溫度降低,如PC+gf、PMMA等機(jī)筒溫度都要降至160℃以下(料斗溫度對(duì)于PC應(yīng)降至100℃以下)。
3.在模具設(shè)計(jì)上應(yīng)注意的問題
為了防止出現(xiàn)原料回流動(dòng)不暢,或冷卻不均造成塑料成型不良,產(chǎn)生表面的缺陷和變質(zhì),一般在模具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)候,應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn):
壁厚應(yīng)盡量均勻一致,脫模斜度要有足夠大;
過渡部分應(yīng)圓滑,并逐步過渡,防止有尖角、銳邊產(chǎn)生,特別是PC+gf產(chǎn)品一定不要有缺口;
澆口、流道盡可能寬大、粗短,且應(yīng)根據(jù)收縮冷凝過程設(shè)置澆口位置,必要時(shí)應(yīng)加冷料井;
模具的表面應(yīng)光潔,粗糙度低(最好低于0.8);
排氣孔。槽必須要足夠,以及時(shí)排出空氣和熔體中的氣體;
除PET外,壁厚不要太薄,一般不得小于lmm。
4.注塑工藝方面應(yīng)該注意的問題
為了減少內(nèi)應(yīng)力和表面質(zhì)量缺陷,在注塑工藝方面應(yīng)注意以下幾方面的問題:
注射壓力:一般較高,以克服熔料粘度大的缺陷,但壓力太高會(huì)產(chǎn)生內(nèi)應(yīng)力造成脫模因難和變形;
注射速度:在滿足充模的情況下,一般宜低,最好能采用慢一快一慢多級(jí)注射;
保壓時(shí)間和成型周期:在滿足產(chǎn)品的充模,不產(chǎn)生凹陷、氣泡的情況下;宜盡量短,以盡量減低熔料在機(jī)筒停留的時(shí)間;
螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速和背壓:在滿足塑化質(zhì)量的前提下,應(yīng)該盡量低,為防止產(chǎn)生解降的可能;
模具溫度:制品的冷卻好壞,對(duì)質(zhì)量影響極大,所以模溫一定要能精確控制其過程,有可能的話,模溫宜高一些好。
5.其他方面的問題
由于為了要防上表面質(zhì)量惡化,一般注塑的時(shí)候應(yīng)盡量少用脫模劑;當(dāng)用回用料時(shí)不得大于20%。
對(duì)于除PET外,制品都應(yīng)進(jìn)行后處理,以消除內(nèi)應(yīng)力,PMMA應(yīng)在70-80t熱風(fēng)循環(huán)干燥4小時(shí);PC應(yīng)在清潔空氣、甘油、液體石臘等加熱110-135℃,時(shí)間按產(chǎn)品而定,最高需要10多小時(shí)。而PET必須經(jīng)過雙向拉伸的工序,才能得到良好機(jī)械性能。
部分型號(hào)部分物性表
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /ET20/ Japan UMG
Use: plate
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min notch impact strength: 14 flexural modulus: 2550 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 95 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /E310/ Japan UMG
Use: plate
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 13 g/10min notch impact strength: 21 flexural modulus: 2400 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 81 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /E350/ Japan UMG
Use: plate
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 11 g/10min notch impact strength: 22 flexural modulus: 2200 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 81 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /ABS-50/ Iran
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 34 g/10min density: 1.04 g/cm3, molding shrinkage: 0.55% elongation at break: 20% VEKA softening point: 95 DEG heat deforming temperature: 85 C.
Manufacturer: Ghaed Bassir Petrochemical Industries Co, Iran
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /552/ ABS
Use: other
Characteristic notes: good chemical resistance, good creep resistance, good dimensional stability, good processing performance, high rigidity, high strength and good toughness.
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5.7 g/10min density: 1.05 g/cm3, notched impact strength: 214 tensile strength: 35.9 MPa flexural strength: 59.3 MPa bending modulus: 1860 MPa hardness: 103 thermal deformation temperature: 90 degrees.
Manufacturer: Ineos ABS company
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /EX120/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 26 g/10min notch impact strength: 16 flexural modulus: 2500 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 79 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /3001G/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Characteristic note: fatigue resistance
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min notch impact strength: 28 flexural modulus: 2600 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 83 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TE20/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min notch impact strength: 14 flexural modulus: 2550 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 95 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TW25/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min notch impact strength: 9 flexural modulus: 2300 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 100 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TW30/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 2 g/10min notch impact strength: 9 flexural modulus: 2350 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 103 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TW17/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min notch impact strength: 10 flexural modulus: 2400 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 92 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TW23/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min notch impact strength: 9 flexural modulus: 2900 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 97 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /ESH80/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min notch impact strength: 15 flexural modulus: 2350 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 91 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /MAX40/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 7 g/10min notch impact strength: 10 flexural modulus: 2450 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 105 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /UH90/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min notch impact strength: 13 flexural modulus: 2300 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 95 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TM-15/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 9 g/10min notch impact strength: 22 flexural modulus: 2300 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 88 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TM-20/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 5 g/10min notch impact strength: 19 flexural modulus: 2300 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 92 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TM-21/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 4 g/10min notch impact strength: 20 flexural modulus: 2200 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 94 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /TM-35/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min notch impact strength: 10 flexural modulus: 2450 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 106 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan
ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer #) /V520/ Japan UMG
Use: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 35 g/10min notch impact strength: 22 flexural modulus: 2500 MPa thermal deformation temperature: 68 C
Manufacturer: UMG ABS Co., Ltd., Japan